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# yum install centos-release-scl # yum install devtoolset-7-gcc* # scl enable devtoolset-7 bash # which gcc # gcc --version |
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gcc (GCC) 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5) Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. |
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參考
CentOS 7 和 CentOS6 有明顯差別，只要是因為使用了 Systemd，除了管理服務的差異之外，對於使用 PHP 的我來說還有其他的差別
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systemctl restart httpd |
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誰用誰知道，馬上就知道明明 php 已經設定上傳 tmp path 為 /tmp ，可上傳中和上傳完成後在 /tmp 就是看不到檔案，從 php 程式執行時到是神奇的可以讀取到檔案
這是因為 Systemd 把 /tmp 隱藏起來了
findmnt – find a filesystem
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findmnt -N 1787 TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS / /dev/mapper/cl-root xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota ├─/dev devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,nosuid,size=1874032k,nr_inodes=468508,mode=755 │ ├─/dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev │ ├─/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 │ ├─/dev/mqueue mqueue mqueue rw,relatime │ └─/dev/hugepages hugetlbfs hugetlbfs rw,relatime ├─/proc proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime │ └─/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc systemd-1 autofs rw,relatime,fd=26,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct ├─/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime │ ├─/sys/kernel/security securityfs securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755 │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/devices cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/blkio cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/pids cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids │ │ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup/memory cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory │ │ └─/sys/fs/cgroup/freezer cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer │ ├─/sys/fs/pstore pstore pstore rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime │ ├─/sys/kernel/config configfs configfs rw,relatime │ └─/sys/kernel/debug debugfs debugfs rw,relatime ├─/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755 │ └─/run/user/0 tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=377048k,mode=700 ├─/boot /dev/sda1 xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota ├─/tmp /dev/mapper/cl-root[/tmp/systemd-private-30f32c8dfa034e4eaf0d875cfa01b72d-httpd.service-Pp0l24/tmp] xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota └─/var/tmp /dev/mapper/cl-root[/var/tmp/systemd-private-30f32c8dfa034e4eaf0d875cfa01b72d-httpd.service-Im15ui/tmp] xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota |
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cd /usr/lib/systemd/system cat httpd.service [Unit] Description=The Apache HTTP Server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Documentation=man:httpd(8) Documentation=man:apachectl(8) [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/httpd ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} # We want systemd to give httpd some time to finish gracefully, but still want # it to kill httpd after TimeoutStopSec if something went wrong during the # graceful stop. Normally, Systemd sends SIGTERM signal right after the # ExecStop, which would kill httpd. We are sending useless SIGCONT here to give # httpd time to finish. KillSignal=SIGCONT PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target |
可以看到 PrivateTmp 預設為 true
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# systemctl edit httpd.service |
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[Service] PrivateTmp=false |
重新啟動 systemd 和 httpd
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systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart httpd |
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使用 VM 的環境當作開發環境，而且還加上公司、家裡兩地跑，常常會出現網路卡編號遞增，然後就連不上 Linux
這是因為 Linux 無法判斷要抓取新舊哪一塊網路卡，這時把多餘的網路卡刪除是比較好的處理方式
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vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules NAME="eth0" |
將多餘的網路卡資訊刪除後，把 NAME 設定為 eth0 ，然後重新開機。
重新開機後 Linux 會重新抓到網路卡並且給予初始設定，這時只要重新設定網路卡即可
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vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Auto_eth0 HWADDR=08:00:27:C4:B0:70 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.0.101 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 DNS1=8.8.8.8 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="Auto eth0" UUID=07ba1ef8-6c63-47e4-bda1-05dffa310c31 ONBOOT=yes LAST_CONNECT=1493086153 |
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