PWA 漸進式網路應用程式 - 2. 使用 FCM 推播通知

前言

PWA 作為網站過度到 App 的應用，熄屏、紅點通知、推播點選進入相對應功能也都可以正常使用，如果不是自己安裝和 App 使用體驗沒有不同。

支援性

iOS 必須要 16.4 以上的版本，也就是 iPhone 14 以下都必須升級系統才可以支援

參考資源

網頁註冊 FCM 取得身份

// 系統是否支援
if (!("Notification" in window)) {
    console.log("不支援推送通知");
}

// service Worker
function urlB64ToUint8Array(base64String) {
    const padding = '='.repeat((4 - base64String.length % 4) % 4);
    const base64 = (base64String + padding)
        .replace(/\-/g, '+')
        .replace(/_/g, '/');

    const rawData = window.atob(base64);
    const outputArray = new Uint8Array(rawData.length);

    for (let i = 0; i < rawData.length; ++i) {
        outputArray[i] = rawData.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return outputArray;
}

// 接收發送的身份
const applicationServerPublicKey = 'BGQsM1ZSgzMCvBeHEhhcwrBALSsRvFOyK6ErMYZmJoXHiIdJVwuffhTa5HUnmaTiVs6jWLUnUA-x05JVn2uKi38';
const applicationServerKey = urlB64ToUint8Array(applicationServerPublicKey);

// 註冊 sw.js
function serviceWorker_register(){
    if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
        navigator.serviceWorker
            .register('./sw.js')
            .then(reg => {
                return reg.pushManager.subscribe({
                    userVisibleOnly: true,
                    applicationServerKey: applicationServerKey
                });
            })
            .then(subscription => {
                // 上傳使用者註冊身份
                // ...
            })
            .catch(err => {
                console.log('Failed to subscribe the user: ', err);
            });
    }
}

function requestPermission(){
    Notification.requestPermission().then((permission) => {
        // 取得授權後執行動作
        serviceWorker_register();
    });
}

// 系統是否支援

if (!("Notification" in window)) {

console.log("不支援推送通知");

}

// service Worker

function urlB64ToUint8Array(base64String) {

const padding = '='.repeat((4 - base64String.length % 4) % 4);

const base64 = (base64String + padding)

.replace(/\-/g, '+')

.replace(/_/g, '/');

const rawData = window.atob(base64);

const outputArray = new Uint8Array(rawData.length);

for (let i = 0; i < rawData.length; ++i) {

outputArray[i] = rawData.charCodeAt(i);

}

return outputArray;

}

// 接收發送的身份

const applicationServerPublicKey = 'BGQsM1ZSgzMCvBeHEhhcwrBALSsRvFOyK6ErMYZmJoXHiIdJVwuffhTa5HUnmaTiVs6jWLUnUA-x05JVn2uKi38';

const applicationServerKey = urlB64ToUint8Array(applicationServerPublicKey);

// 註冊 sw.js

function serviceWorker_register(){

if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {

navigator.serviceWorker

.register('./sw.js')

.then(reg => {

return reg.pushManager.subscribe({

userVisibleOnly: true,

applicationServerKey: applicationServerKey

});

})

.then(subscription => {

// 上傳使用者註冊身份

// ...

})

.catch(err => {

console.log('Failed to subscribe the user: ', err);

});

}

function requestPermission(){

Notification.requestPermission().then((permission) => {

// 取得授權後執行動作

serviceWorker_register();

});

}

sw.js

const cacheVersion = 'v2';
const cacheName = "upad12";

const filesToCache = [
    '/application/views/app/style.css',
    '/application/views/app/user_bootstrap5.css',
    '/public/3rd/php.js',
];

self.addEventListener('install', event => {
    // console.log("[Service Worker] Install");
    event.waitUntil(
        (async () => {
            const cache = await caches.open(cacheName);
            await cache.addAll(filesToCache);
        })(),
    );
});

self.addEventListener('fetch', event => {
    // console.log('[ServiceWorker] fetch', event.request);
    event.respondWith(
        caches.match(event.request).then((response) => {
            return response || fetch(event.request);
        })
    );
});

self.addEventListener('push', function(event) {
    // console.log(event.data.json());
    const payload = event.data.json();

    let options = {
        body: payload.message,
        icon: payload.icon,
        badge: payload.icon,
        // tag: "",
        // renotify: true,
        data: {
            role : payload.role,
            source : payload.source,
            child_id : payload.child_id,
        },
    };
    event.waitUntil(
        self.registration.showNotification(payload.title, options)
    );
});

//
self.addEventListener("notificationclick", (event) => {
    const push_data = event.notification.data;
    console.log("On notification click: ", push_data);

    event.waitUntil(
        clients
            .matchAll({
                type: "window",
            })
            .then((clientList) => {
                let url = '/app';

                if ( push_data.source === '刷卡' ){
                    if ( push_data.role === '11' ) url = '/app/Boss/EmployeeAttendance';
                    if ( push_data.role === '21' ) url = '/app/Student/Attendance';
                    if ( push_data.role === '30' ) url = '/app/Parents/ChildCalendar/?child_id=' + push_data.child_id;
                }

                return clients.openWindow(url);
            }),
    );

    event.notification.close();
});

const cacheVersion = 'v2';

const cacheName = "upad12";

const filesToCache = [

'/application/views/app/style.css',

'/application/views/app/user_bootstrap5.css',

'/public/3rd/php.js',

];

self.addEventListener('install', event => {

// console.log("[Service Worker] Install");

event.waitUntil(

(async () => {

const cache = await caches.open(cacheName);

await cache.addAll(filesToCache);

})(),

);

});

self.addEventListener('fetch', event => {

// console.log('[ServiceWorker] fetch', event.request);

event.respondWith(

caches.match(event.request).then((response) => {

return response || fetch(event.request);

})

);

});

self.addEventListener('push', function(event) {

// console.log(event.data.json());

const payload = event.data.json();

let options = {

body: payload.message,

icon: payload.icon,

badge: payload.icon,

// tag: "",

// renotify: true,

data: {

role : payload.role,

source : payload.source,

child_id : payload.child_id,

};

event.waitUntil(

self.registration.showNotification(payload.title, options)

);

});

self.addEventListener("notificationclick", (event) => {

const push_data = event.notification.data;

console.log("On notification click: ", push_data);

event.waitUntil(

clients

.matchAll({

type: "window",

})

.then((clientList) => {

let url = '/app';

if ( push_data.source === '刷卡' ){

if ( push_data.role === '11' ) url = '/app/Boss/EmployeeAttendance';

if ( push_data.role === '21' ) url = '/app/Student/Attendance';

if ( push_data.role === '30' ) url = '/app/Parents/ChildCalendar/?child_id=' + push_data.child_id;

}

return clients.openWindow(url);

}),

);

event.notification.close();

});

發送端：安裝 web-push

安裝時加上 -g 為使用命令列

npm install web-push -g

1	npm install web-push -g

取得發送者身份，只要有身份就可以發送，不同電腦也可以共用

web-push generate-vapid-keys

1	web-push generate-vapid-keys

=======================================

Public Key:
BPrtEl0VOWdEdP_hwl-P1xnLkuzD9qiNfUBaOzO5KUxBXeE2VnkWwzKP0PSm4cjprR6nK9Jg3ziBnINqAFKHf9k

Private Key:
G8y_V-PUwP188uPCpKn0Io8XPdzEEbfhKJ2AGw24dhk

=======================================

=======================================

Public Key:

BPrtEl0VOWdEdP_hwl-P1xnLkuzD9qiNfUBaOzO5KUxBXeE2VnkWwzKP0PSm4cjprR6nK9Jg3ziBnINqAFKHf9k

Private Key:

G8y_V-PUwP188uPCpKn0Io8XPdzEEbfhKJ2AGw24dhk

=======================================

推送訊息

web-push send-notification
--endpoint=https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send/eIz-0oEdA88:APA91bF_A-eANS-pfHzvQ6ixWeJQdrEODeiwV9seclwqSiLd7nYT7-CKnqSJpE66cLyV3yYlJxNzClCeLbnpGq00JixEcd6lDUkcalFJVFLQjPq7R2ufdAVkfGBINHT1rXaQc8KZvoEQ
--key=BFhr8ZmNlw_rBUxc4d8oLEwYjkabBb6sXQ1SW-tEogsPrV3mmvGhVhABMOuzi7vrhkAn8saLcQ81WsWpuyjQ9TE
--auth=e-CL1SS37TSvRe7Swx4idA
--vapid-pubkey=BGQsM1ZSgzMCvBeHEhhcwrBALSsRvFOyK6ErMYZmJoXHiIdJVwuffhTa5HUnmaTiVs6jWLUnUA-x05JVn2uKi38
--vapid-pvtkey=CWROTKckpwAgt02x2l8WWK1Vq2kTMduODZz5oJ1ICYo
--vapid-subject=https://hoyo.idv.tw
--payload="{\"message\":\"This is a message\",\"title\":\"this is a title\",\"icon\":\"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQFQpoz6_MxzG3k_NCSWrhcW-H3nU5GoDhCysqPfXUEzmCQGpsuIQ\"}"

web-push send-notification

--endpoint=https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send/eIz-0oEdA88:APA91bF_A-eANS-pfHzvQ6ixWeJQdrEODeiwV9seclwqSiLd7nYT7-CKnqSJpE66cLyV3yYlJxNzClCeLbnpGq00JixEcd6lDUkcalFJVFLQjPq7R2ufdAVkfGBINHT1rXaQc8KZvoEQ

--key=BFhr8ZmNlw_rBUxc4d8oLEwYjkabBb6sXQ1SW-tEogsPrV3mmvGhVhABMOuzi7vrhkAn8saLcQ81WsWpuyjQ9TE

--auth=e-CL1SS37TSvRe7Swx4idA

--vapid-pubkey=BGQsM1ZSgzMCvBeHEhhcwrBALSsRvFOyK6ErMYZmJoXHiIdJVwuffhTa5HUnmaTiVs6jWLUnUA-x05JVn2uKi38

--vapid-pvtkey=CWROTKckpwAgt02x2l8WWK1Vq2kTMduODZz5oJ1ICYo

--vapid-subject=https://hoyo.idv.tw

--payload="{\"message\":\"This is a message\",\"title\":\"this is a title\",\"icon\":\"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQFQpoz6_MxzG3k_NCSWrhcW-H3nU5GoDhCysqPfXUEzmCQGpsuIQ\"}"

--endpoint 使用者註冊取得的 endpoint，接收推播的訊息發送的平台，不同的裝置、瀏覽器 endpoint 都不同，例如 Google Chrome 使用 Google 的 FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging)，Microsoft Edge 使用 WNS (Windows Push Notification Service)
--key 使用者註冊取得 keys 的 p256dh
--auth 使用者註冊取得 keys 的 auth
--vapid-pubkey 使用 generate-vapid-keys 取得的 Public Key
--vapid-pvtkey使用 generate-vapid-keys 取得的 Private Key
--vapid-subject 使用 email (mailto:your@email.com) 或是網址 (https://your-website.com) 申明身份
--payload 發送內容，純文字格式隨意，只要接收後可處理，一般都是使用 JSON

支援性

推播各家必須使用自己的主機進行，因此 endpoint 就不相同

Chrome：https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send/
Edge：https://wns2-ln2p.notify.windows.com/w/?token=
Firefox：https://updates.push.services.mozilla.com/wpush/v2/
Safari：https://web.push.apple.com/

因為 endpoint 主機都是從各自瀏覽器提供，所以反應速度可能會有不同

注意事項

修改 sw.js 必須重新啟動瀏覽器

範例

1,382 total views, 1 views today

PWA 漸進式網路應用程式 - 2. 使用 FCM 推播通知

前言

支援性

參考資源

網頁註冊 FCM 取得身份

sw.js

發送端：安裝 web-push

支援性

注意事項

範例

Related Post

發佈留言

PWA 漸進式網路應用程式 - 2. 使用 FCM 推播通知

前言

支援性

參考資源

網頁註冊 FCM 取得身份

sw.js

發送端：安裝 web-push

支援性

注意事項

範例

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